Understanding, Modelling, and Reducing Tyre Wear and Tyre Particle Emission

Within the project consortium, tyre emissions and tyre wear are analysed in real-world driving conditions and on a test bench. The real-world measurements are divided into the methods "Convoy" for gravimetric analysis of tyre wear on long-distance routes and "Defined Driving Manoeuvres" for the study of tyre wear on well-prepared and closed-off test routes. The latter method should support a physical understanding and provide the basis for a simulation model that considers influencing factors such as weight, camber, toe, driving behaviour, road surface conditions, etc. For this purpose, the road surfaces are recorded in terms of skid resistance, evenness, and 3D texture with a measuring vehicle.

Another aim is to develop and construct a driver guidance system and an RDE (Real Driving Emissions) particle measurement system, which builds on an existing particle measurement system for brake particles (PM, PN). This includes developing and constructing a tyre housing and intake system for mobile particle measurement supported by 3D CFD simulation.

On a conditioned 4-wheel chassis dynamometer for complete vehicle analyses, the same "Defined Driving Manoeuvres" are to be measured with the same (adapted) RDE particle measurement system (like in real-world driving conditions). The particles of the measurements will be systematically characterised (chemical, structural, and morphological parameters) using high-resolution microscopic and spectroscopic methods. Particular focus will be given to separating tyre abrasion from brake and road abrasion. These data are then used for tribological studies and simulations to describe the tire-road tribological system and provide detailed analyses at the molecular level. This allows wear to be determined in a macroscopic tyre model (in terms of tyre slip, stress distribution and temperature influence). The model can then be integrated into a passenger car operating strategy to reduce tyre particles based on a unique tyre wear-optimised slip controller. Plausibility checks and optimisation of the operating strategy will be carried out with real-world driving and test bench measurements. Based on the particle analyses and the micro-/macro-scale tyre models, a method for the transfer of real-world driving measurements to test bench measurements will be developed.

Figure 1: Project overview

Researcher

• David Khalili

Project Funding

FFG (FO999909922)

Project Partners

• TU Wien
• AVL
• AIT